Multimodal Transport Business Regulations in Vietnam

 

On October 16th, 2018, Vietnam Government issued Decree No. 144/2018/ND-CP amending, supplementing the decrees on multimodal transport. Under the law of Vietnam, multimodal transport (“MT”) is the transportation of goods performed with at least two different modes of transport under the multimodal transport contract from an original place to a place designated for delivery, the carrier is liable for the entire carriage. MT business includes: International multimodal transport (“IMT”) and Domestic multimodal transport (“DMT”).

The new decree eliminates and simplifies regulations on IMT business conditions and abolishes DMT business as a conditional business line. In fact, DMT including many transportations such as transport by sea, air,… is governed by specialized laws on each transport, hence it is not necessary to stipulate additional business conditions when conducting the combined transport.

Regarding the conditions of IMT business, the new Decree no longer differentiates between domestic and foreign enterprises as in the past, all enterprises therefore must meet the followings:

(1) Maintaining a minimum amount of assets equivalent to SDR 80,000 or provide an equivalent guarantee or an alternative of financial character as regulated by laws;

(2) Having a liability insurance policy for multimodal transport operator or an equivalent guarantee.

In addition, in order to facilitate member state of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport or another international treaty on multimodal transport to which Vietnam is a signatory, new regulations are stipulated as follows:

(1) Having a registration certificate of international multimodal transport or another document of equivalent validity issued by the competent national body of its country;

(2) Having a liability insurance policy for multimodal transport operator or an equivalent guarantee.

The licenses to provide international multimodal transport service issued by competent authorities of Vietnam before the date of entry into force of this Decree are still valid until their expiration dates.

With the role of supporting trading activities, modern transports need to meet the increasingly complex requirements of the domestic and international transport market, which not only deliver goods but also connect the transport process into an uninterrupted transport chain to ensure a faster and safer transport process.

Transport lawyers at ANT Lawyers, the law firms in Vietnam have always following up the legal development on transportation to provide our clients with regular update on the matters.

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12 Ways Transport Lawyers Enhance Logistics and Compliance in Vietnam

Legal issues pertaining to all forms of transportation, including road, rail, air, sea, are the focus of transport lawyers.

Legal Considerations in Transport Contracts 

1. Concept and Evolution of Transport Contracts
The essence of a transport contract under Civil Law is an agreement where the transporter is obligated to move and deliver goods to a specified location, receiving a fee from the hiring party.

This type of contract embodies the principles of voluntariness, freedom, and equality in civil transactions, allowing identification through elements like the parties involved—the transporter and the client—and the objectives, which focus on the movement of goods to a predetermined location.

2. Contractual Parties
Transporter: Typically owns the transportation means, such as trucks, ships.
Client: Needs to move goods from one place to another but lacks the means to do so independently.
Recipient: Can either be the client or a third party benefiting from the transport contract.

3. Subject Matter
The core purpose of a transport contract is the physical relocation of goods to an agreed destination. Unlike services measured by more abstract standards like quality, the valuation in transport contracts is often based on tangible metrics like the amount of goods, the distance traveled, and the type of transportation used.

4. Contract Content and Obligations
A transport contract outlines clear rights and obligations for the involved parties. 

5. Form of Transport Contracts
Historically, transport contracts could be verbal or written. However, the Civil Code now recognizes contracts formed by specific actions, reflecting societal advancements and the importance of the contract’s substance over its formal expression.

Verbal Contracts: Common for low-value or trusted transactions among acquaintances.
Written Contracts: Necessary for formal transactions and typically required by regulatory standards.
Contracts by Conduct: A newer form acknowledged by the law, allowing contracts to be formed through actions without direct negotiation at the point of agreement.

The evolution of Vietnam’s legal approach to transport contracts reflects a balancing act between tradition and modernization. As technology and commercial practices evolve, so too must the legal frameworks that support and regulate them, ensuring that they remain relevant and effective in facilitating civil commerce and logistics.  Looking into the future, the electronic contracts might be suitable for the development of e-commerce in Vietnam.

How Transport Lawyers in Vietnam Help?

In the rapidly evolving world of logistics and transportation, transport lawyers play a crucial role in navigating the complex legal landscape. Especially in Vietnam, where economic growth is heavily supported by robust logistics, the expertise of transport lawyers is invaluable. There are 12 critical ways these legal professionals contribute to the sector, emphasizing their indispensable role in ensuring smooth operations and compliance.

1. Contract Negotiation and Drafting
Transport lawyers are instrumental in drafting and negotiating transport contracts that comply with Vietnamese laws. They ensure that all contractual terms protect their clients’ interests while adhering to legal standards. This includes defining the rights and obligations of all parties involved, which can prevent costly disputes in the future.

2. Regulatory Compliance
Navigating the regulatory framework of the transportation sector in Vietnam can be daunting. Transport lawyers help companies understand and comply with local regulations, including those related to transport licensing, safety standards, and environmental laws. Compliance reduces the risk of legal penalties and enhances the company’s reputation.

3. Dispute Resolution
When disputes arise, whether from contract misunderstandings, service failures, or accidents, transport lawyers are equipped to handle them. They represent clients in negotiations and, if necessary, in court or arbitration proceedings. Their intervention can lead to faster resolution of disputes, minimizing costs and disruptions.

4. Risk Management
Transport lawyers assist companies in identifying potential legal risks associated with their operations. They provide strategies to mitigate these risks, such as revising contract terms, ensuring proper insurance coverage, and advising on safety compliance. This proactive approach prevents legal issues from arising and ensures uninterrupted business operations.

5. Insurance Claims
Handling insurance claims can be complex, particularly when significant losses or damages are involved. Transport lawyers help in filing and negotiating claims with insurance companies to ensure that clients receive fair compensation without undue delay.

6. Cross-Border Transactions
With Vietnam’s strategic location as a gateway to ASEAN, many companies engage in cross-border transportation. Transport lawyers facilitate these transactions by ensuring compliance with international trade laws and regulations. They help navigate customs, import-export regulations, and other cross-border legalities.

7. Intellectual Property in Transport
In an era where technological innovation is at the heart of logistics, protecting intellectual property becomes crucial. Transport lawyers help firms protect their technological innovations, software, and business methods through patents and copyrights, ensuring they retain their competitive edge.

8. Employment Law
Transport lawyers also advise on employment laws as they apply to transport and logistics. They help companies draft employment contracts, advise on labor disputes, and ensure compliance with local labor laws, including those related to work hours, safety, and compensation.

9. Environmental Compliance
The transport sector is often under scrutiny for its environmental impact. Transport lawyers in Vietnam help companies adhere to environmental regulations, manage waste, and reduce emissions. This compliance is crucial not only for legal reasons but also for sustainable operations.

10. Mergers and Acquisitions
In an industry as dynamic as transport, mergers and acquisitions are common. Transport lawyers play a key role in these processes, conducting due diligence, ensuring regulatory approval, and facilitating smooth transitions.

11. Legislative Advocacy
Transport lawyers also act as advocates for the transportation industry. They can lobby for favorable changes in laws and policies that impact the sector, representing the interests of companies at the governmental level.

12. Continuous Legal Education
Finally, transport lawyers provide ongoing legal education to their clients, keeping them informed about new laws and regulations that could impact their operations. This education helps companies make informed decisions and maintain compliance.

In conclusion, transport lawyers are vital to the success and smooth operation of transportation and logistics companies in Vietnam. By addressing a wide range of legal issues, from compliance and contract negotiation to dispute resolution and environmental law, they provide comprehensive support that allows companies to focus on their core business without legal distractions.

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10 Essential Ways Transport Lawyers in Vietnam Facilitate Foreign Investors’ Market Entry and Business Operations

 Vietnam’s logistics and transport sector presents numerous opportunities for foreign investors. However, navigating the complex legal landscape can be challenging.  The challenging matters arise from the regulations on the Vietnam opening of the market to the foreign investors in the area. There are different arguments on this protection of laws for instance limiting the foreign investors might lead to the situation that users have to pay higher prices or discourage foreign investors from making more investment in Vietnam in infrastructure, technology, transport equipments.  However, Vietnam have other reasons to protect the local market and work toward the balance between the level of protection reduction and the growth of domestic companies in the area. 

The following explores how transport lawyers in Vietnam can assist foreign investors in understanding the legal limitations, business practices, investment procedures, daily operations, and permit acquisition essential for successful market entry and business sustainability.

Understanding Legal Limitations for Foreign Investors

10 Essential Ways Transport Lawyers in Vietnam Facilitate Foreign Investors’ Market Entry and Business Operations

Foreign investors in Vietnam’s logistics and transport sector must adhere to specific legal restrictions and ownership ratios. Transport lawyers in Vietnam play a critical role in interpreting these regulations to ensure compliance. Key limitations include:

1. Ownership Ratios: For cargo transport services classified as sea transport services, foreign investors can only hold up to 49% of shares in Vietnamese enterprises. This limitation is crucial for investors to understand before committing capital.
2. Employment Regulations: For enterprises operating ships flying the Vietnamese flag, foreign seafarers must not exceed one-third of the crew, and the captain or first mate must be a Vietnamese citizen.
3. Operational Constraints: Certain services, such as container handling and customs clearance, have specific areas or procedures that must be exclusively followed or completed.

Assisting with Permits and Licenses

Acquiring the necessary permits and licenses is a critical step for foreign investors. Transport lawyers in Vietnam can streamline this process by:

– Identifying Required Permits: Different logistics services require distinct permits. Lawyers help identify the exact permits needed for specific services like container warehousing, multimodal transport, or road transport.
– Navigating Administration Process: The administration process in Vietnam can be complex and time-consuming. Experienced transport lawyers in Vietnam can expedite this process by leveraging their knowledge and connections within regulatory bodies.
– Ensuring Compliance: Lawyers ensure that all legal requirements are met, reducing the risk of non-compliance penalties that could hinder business operations.

Structuring Business Operations

Effective business structuring is essential for operational efficiency and compliance. Transport lawyers in Vietnam assist in:

– Choosing the Right Business Model: Whether it’s establishing a new enterprise or entering a joint venture, lawyers provide strategic advice on the most suitable business model based on the investor’s goals and the legal environment.
– Drafting Agreements: Lawyers draft and review critical documents such as business cooperation agreements, joint venture contracts, and shareholder agreements to protect the interests of foreign investors.

Facilitating Market Entry Strategies

Transport lawyers in Vietnam are instrumental in developing effective market entry strategies. They provide insights into:

– Market Research: Conducting thorough market research to understand the competitive landscape, customer needs, and potential challenges.
– Regulatory Environment: Keeping investors updated on the latest regulatory changes that could impact their business operations.
– Risk Management: Identifying potential legal risks and developing strategies to mitigate them, ensuring a smooth market entry and sustainable operations.

Ensuring Compliance with E-commerce Regulations

For logistics services provided over the Internet or other open networks, compliance with e-commerce regulations is mandatory. Transport lawyers in Vietnam ensure that foreign investors:

– Understand E-commerce Laws: Familiarize themselves with Vietnam’s e-commerce regulations, which may differ significantly from their home countries.
– Implement Necessary Measures: Implement the required security measures and data protection protocols to comply with e-commerce regulations.
– Stay Updated: Stay informed about any changes in e-commerce laws and adapt their business practices accordingly.

Addressing Employment and Labor Issues

Labor laws in Vietnam can be complex, particularly for foreign-owned enterprises. Transport lawyers in Vietnam help navigate these issues by:

– Understanding Labor Laws: Providing detailed explanations of Vietnamese labor laws, including employee rights, working conditions, and termination procedures.
– Drafting Employment Contracts: Drafting employment contracts that comply with local laws while protecting the interests of the foreign enterprise.
– Handling Disputes: Assisting in resolving labor disputes through negotiation, mediation, or legal action if necessary.

Supporting Daily Business Operations

Beyond market entry, transport lawyers in Vietnam support the daily operations of foreign logistics companies by:

– Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring ongoing compliance with local regulations, including safety standards, environmental laws, and operational guidelines.
– Contract Management: Managing contracts with suppliers, customers, and partners to ensure they are legally sound and enforceable.
– Dispute Resolution: Providing legal support in resolving disputes that may arise during business operations, whether with employees, customers, or regulatory bodies.

Advising on Investment and Expansion

For foreign investors looking to expand their presence in Vietnam, transport lawyers provide critical advice on:

– Investment Opportunities: Identifying potential investment opportunities and evaluating their legal and financial feasibility.
– Mergers and Acquisitions: Assisting with mergers and acquisitions, including due diligence, negotiation, and transaction structuring.
– Strategic Partnerships: Facilitating strategic partnerships and alliances that can enhance market reach and operational capabilities.

Navigating International Treaties and Agreements

Vietnam is a signatory to various international treaties and agreements that impact foreign investment. Transport lawyers in Vietnam help investors:

– Understand Treaty Provisions: Interpreting the provisions of relevant treaties and agreements to determine their impact on business operations.
– Leverage Treaty Benefits: Leveraging benefits provided by these treaties, such as preferential treatment or reduced tariffs, to optimize business outcomes.
– Ensure Compliance: Ensuring compliance with international obligations to avoid legal complications.

Offering Specialized Legal Services by Transport Lawyers in Vietnam

Transport lawyers in Vietnam offer specialized legal services tailored to the unique needs of logistics and transport companies, including:

– Customs Brokerage: Providing legal support for customs brokerage services, ensuring compliance with customs regulations and efficient handling of import/export processes.
– Environmental Compliance: Advising on environmental compliance, particularly for services involving warehousing and transport operations that may impact the environment.

In conclusion, navigating the logistics and transport sector in Vietnam requires a comprehensive understanding of the legal landscape. Transport lawyers in Vietnam are indispensable allies for foreign investors, offering expertise in legal limitations, business practices, permit acquisition, and daily operations. By partnering with experienced transport lawyers in Vietnam, foreign investors can ensure a smooth market entry, compliance with local regulations, and sustainable business growth.

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Multimodal Transport Business Regulations in Vietnam

 On October 16th, 2018, Vietnam Government issued Decree No. 144/2018/ND-CP amending, supplementing the decrees on multimodal transport. Under the law of Vietnam, multimodal transport (“MT”) is the transportation of goods performed with at least two different modes of transport under the multimodal transport contract from an original place to a place designated for delivery, the carrier is liable for the entire carriage. MT business includes: International multimodal transport (“IMT”) and Domestic multimodal transport (“DMT”).

The new decree eliminates and simplifies regulations on IMT business conditions and abolishes DMT business as a conditional business line. In fact, DMT including many transportations such as transport by sea, air,… is governed by specialized laws on each transport, hence it is not necessary to stipulate additional business conditions when conducting the combined transport.

Regarding the conditions of IMT business, the new Decree no longer differentiates between domestic and foreign enterprises as in the past, all enterprises therefore must meet the followings:

1. Maintaining a minimum amount of assets equivalent to SDR 80,000 or provide an equivalent guarantee or an alternative of financial character as regulated by laws;

2. Having a liability insurance policy for multimodal transport operator or an equivalent guarantee.

In addition, in order to facilitate member state of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport or another international treaty on multimodal transport to which Vietnam is a signatory, new regulations are stipulated as follows:

1. Having a registration certificate of international multimodal transport or another document of equivalent validity issued by the competent national body of its country;

2. Having a liability insurance policy for multimodal transport operator or an equivalent guarantee.

The licenses to provide international multimodal transport service issued by competent authorities of Vietnam before the date of entry into force of this Decree are still valid until their expiration dates.

With the role of supporting trading activities, modern transports need to meet the increasingly complex requirements of the domestic and international transport market, which not only deliver goods but also connect the transport process into an uninterrupted transport chain to ensure a faster and safer transport process.

Transport lawyers at ANT Lawyers, the law firms in Vietnam have always following up the legal development on transportation to provide our clients with regular update on the matters.

Read More

12 Ways Transport Lawyers Enhance Logistics and Compliance in Vietnam

 Legal issues pertaining to all forms of transportation, including road, rail, air, sea, are the focus of transport lawyers.

Legal Considerations in Transport Contracts 

1. Concept and Evolution of Transport Contracts
The essence of a transport contract under Civil Law is an agreement where the transporter is obligated to move and deliver goods to a specified location, receiving a fee from the hiring party.

This type of contract embodies the principles of voluntariness, freedom, and equality in civil transactions, allowing identification through elements like the parties involved—the transporter and the client—and the objectives, which focus on the movement of goods to a predetermined location.

2. Contractual Parties
Transporter: Typically owns the transportation means, such as trucks, ships.
Client: Needs to move goods from one place to another but lacks the means to do so independently.
Recipient: Can either be the client or a third party benefiting from the transport contract.

3. Subject Matter
The core purpose of a transport contract is the physical relocation of goods to an agreed destination. Unlike services measured by more abstract standards like quality, the valuation in transport contracts is often based on tangible metrics like the amount of goods, the distance traveled, and the type of transportation used.

4. Contract Content and Obligations
A transport contract outlines clear rights and obligations for the involved parties. 

5. Form of Transport Contracts
Historically, transport contracts could be verbal or written. However, the Civil Code now recognizes contracts formed by specific actions, reflecting societal advancements and the importance of the contract’s substance over its formal expression.

Verbal Contracts: Common for low-value or trusted transactions among acquaintances.
Written Contracts: Necessary for formal transactions and typically required by regulatory standards.
Contracts by Conduct: A newer form acknowledged by the law, allowing contracts to be formed through actions without direct negotiation at the point of agreement.

The evolution of Vietnam’s legal approach to transport contracts reflects a balancing act between tradition and modernization. As technology and commercial practices evolve, so too must the legal frameworks that support and regulate them, ensuring that they remain relevant and effective in facilitating civil commerce and logistics.  Looking into the future, the electronic contracts might be suitable for the development of e-commerce in Vietnam.

How Transport Lawyers in Vietnam Help?

In the rapidly evolving world of logistics and transportation, transport lawyers play a crucial role in navigating the complex legal landscape. Especially in Vietnam, where economic growth is heavily supported by robust logistics, the expertise of transport lawyers is invaluable. There are 12 critical ways these legal professionals contribute to the sector, emphasizing their indispensable role in ensuring smooth operations and compliance.

1. Contract Negotiation and Drafting
Transport lawyers are instrumental in drafting and negotiating transport contracts that comply with Vietnamese laws. They ensure that all contractual terms protect their clients’ interests while adhering to legal standards. This includes defining the rights and obligations of all parties involved, which can prevent costly disputes in the future.

2. Regulatory Compliance
Navigating the regulatory framework of the transportation sector in Vietnam can be daunting. Transport lawyers help companies understand and comply with local regulations, including those related to transport licensing, safety standards, and environmental laws. Compliance reduces the risk of legal penalties and enhances the company’s reputation.

3. Dispute Resolution
When disputes arise, whether from contract misunderstandings, service failures, or accidents, transport lawyers are equipped to handle them. They represent clients in negotiations and, if necessary, in court or arbitration proceedings. Their intervention can lead to faster resolution of disputes, minimizing costs and disruptions.

4. Risk Management
Transport lawyers assist companies in identifying potential legal risks associated with their operations. They provide strategies to mitigate these risks, such as revising contract terms, ensuring proper insurance coverage, and advising on safety compliance. This proactive approach prevents legal issues from arising and ensures uninterrupted business operations.

5. Insurance Claims
Handling insurance claims can be complex, particularly when significant losses or damages are involved. Transport lawyers help in filing and negotiating claims with insurance companies to ensure that clients receive fair compensation without undue delay.

6. Cross-Border Transactions
With Vietnam’s strategic location as a gateway to ASEAN, many companies engage in cross-border transportation. Transport lawyers facilitate these transactions by ensuring compliance with international trade laws and regulations. They help navigate customs, import-export regulations, and other cross-border legalities.

7. Intellectual Property in Transport
In an era where technological innovation is at the heart of logistics, protecting intellectual property becomes crucial. Transport lawyers help firms protect their technological innovations, software, and business methods through patents and copyrights, ensuring they retain their competitive edge.

8. Employment Law
Transport lawyers also advise on employment laws as they apply to transport and logistics. They help companies draft employment contracts, advise on labor disputes, and ensure compliance with local labor laws, including those related to work hours, safety, and compensation.

9. Environmental Compliance
The transport sector is often under scrutiny for its environmental impact. Transport lawyers in Vietnam help companies adhere to environmental regulations, manage waste, and reduce emissions. This compliance is crucial not only for legal reasons but also for sustainable operations.

10. Mergers and Acquisitions
In an industry as dynamic as transport, mergers and acquisitions are common. Transport lawyers play a key role in these processes, conducting due diligence, ensuring regulatory approval, and facilitating smooth transitions.

11. Legislative Advocacy
Transport lawyers also act as advocates for the transportation industry. They can lobby for favorable changes in laws and policies that impact the sector, representing the interests of companies at the governmental level.

12. Continuous Legal Education
Finally, transport lawyers provide ongoing legal education to their clients, keeping them informed about new laws and regulations that could impact their operations. This education helps companies make informed decisions and maintain compliance.

In conclusion, transport lawyers are vital to the success and smooth operation of transportation and logistics companies in Vietnam. By addressing a wide range of legal issues, from compliance and contract negotiation to dispute resolution and environmental law, they provide comprehensive support that allows companies to focus on their core business without legal distractions.

Read More